Technological, Pedagogical, and Content Knowledge (TPACK) of Physics Teachers

Authors

  • Blossom Pearl P. Tabuada College of Education Graduate School, West Visayas State University Author
  • Chive G. Gabasa College of Education Graduate School, West Visayas State University Author

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23411137

Keywords:

In-service training program, Physics teachers, Professional development, Technology integration, TPACK

Abstract

This study aims to assess the Technological, Pedagogical, and Content Knowledge (TPACK) levels of Junior High School Physics teachers in the Philippines by evaluating teachers' strengths in each of the three TPACK domains with the goal of designing an in-service training program to inform future professional development and enhance physics education. A descriptive-correlational research design was used to assess the TPACK levels among 100 Junior High School Physics teachers selected through cluster random sampling from selected public secondary schools in Iloilo Province. A researcher-made TPACK questionnaire and interview guide, which underwent expert validation and pilot testing, were the instruments used. Results show that teachers have strong content and pedagogical knowledge, which they attribute to their teaching experience and ongoing professional development. However, confidence in technological knowledge is lower, likely due to limited use of technology in their teaching. The study also found a moderate positive correlation among all three TPACK domains, with the strongest link between pedagogical and content knowledge. This suggests that while teachers are effective in linking instructional strategies to subject content, technology integration remains an area for improvement. To enhance Physics instruction, the study recommends focusing professional development on technology integration. Providing more hands-on experience with educational technology will help teachers bridge the gap between their pedagogical, content, and technological knowledge, leading to more engaging and effective Physics teaching

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Abrantes, L., & Bargamento, A. L. (2024). Lived experiences of out-of-field senior high school teachers teaching physical science. International Journal of Multidisciplinary Educational Research and Innovation, 2(1), 117–143. https://doi.org/10.17613/r5pt-t937

Ali, N., Ullah, S., & Khan, D. (2022). Interactive laboratories for science education: A subjective study and systematic literature review. Multimodal Technologies and Interaction, 6(10), Article 85. https://doi.org/10.3390/mti6100085

Alieto, E., Abequibel-Encarnacion, B., Estigoy, E., Balasa, K., Eijansantos, A., & Torres-Toukoumidis, A. (2024). Teaching inside a digital classroom: A quantitative analysis of attitude, technological competence and access among teachers across subject disciplines. Heliyon, 10(2), Article e24282. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24282

Bwalya, A., Rutegwa, M., Tukahabwa, D., & Mapulanga, T. (2023). Enhancing pre-service biology teachers’ technological pedagogical content knowledge through a TPACK-based technology integration course. Journal of Baltic Science Education, 22(6), 956–973. https://doi.org/10.33225/jbse/23.22.956

Department of Education. (2023). DepEd Order No. 013, s. 2023: Adoption of the National Learning Recovery Program in the Department of Education. https://www.deped.gov.ph/2023/07/05/july-5-2023-do-013-s-2023-adoption-of-the-national-learning-recovery-program-in-the-department-of-education/

Durdu, L., & Dağ, F. (2017). Pre-service teachers’ TPACK development and conceptions through a TPACK-based course. Australian Journal of Teacher Education, 42(11), 150–171. https://doi.org/10.14221/ajte.2017v42n11.10

Guzmán González, J. R., & Vesga Bravo, G. J. (2024). TPACK in in-service secondary education teachers: A systematic review of the literature. International Journal of Education in Mathematics, Science, and Technology, 12(1), 282–296. https://doi.org/10.46328/ijemst.3198

Ha, C., & Sun, C. (2021). Game-based learning on learning motivation and science achievement in K–12 education: Robust meta-analysis study [Conference paper]. AERA Online Paper Repository. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED627318

Jiménez Sierra, Á. A., Ortega Iglesias, J. M., Cabero-Almenara, J., & Palacios-Rodríguez, A. (2023). Development of the teacher’s technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK) from the lesson study: A systematic review. Frontiers in Education, 8, Article 1078913. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2023.1078913

Lorenzana, A. A., & Roleda, L. S. (2024). Enhancing TPACK skills through CFR-based microteaching: Pre-service teachers’ learning experiences. In Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on E-Education, E-Business, E-Management and E-Learning. Association for Computing Machinery. https://doi.org/10.1145/3670013.3670045

Mishra, P., & Koehler, M. J. (2006). Technological pedagogical content knowledge: A framework for teacher knowledge. Teachers College Record, 108(6), 1017–1054. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9620.2006.00684.x

Ning, Y., Zhou, Y., Wijaya, T. T., & Chen, J. (2022). Teacher education interventions on teacher TPACK: A meta-analysis study. Sustainability, 14(18), Article 11791. https://doi.org/10.3390/su141811791

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. (2023). PISA 2022 results (Volumes I and II): Country note—Philippines. https://www.oecd.org/en/publications/pisa-2022-results-volume-i-and-ii-country-notes_ed6fbcc5-en/philippines_a0882a2d-en.html

Oktay, O., & Eryilmaz, A. (2022). The effects of a professional development program on the classroom practices of physics teachers. Journal of Education in Science, Environment and Health, 8(2), 129–143. https://doi.org/10.55549/jeseh.01113596

Paje, Y. M., Rogayan, D. V., & Dantic, M. J. P. (2021). Teachers’ utilization of computer-based technology in science instruction. International Journal of Technology in Education and Science, 5(3), 427–446. https://doi.org/10.46328/ijtes.261

Ransanz Reyes, E., Arana-Cuenca, A., & Manzanal Martínez, A. I. (2025). Recommendations for designing collaborative activities in online higher education: A systematic review. Journal of Technology and Science Education, 15(1), 4–17. https://doi.org/10.3926/jotse.2818

Ren, X., Chano, J., & Saihong, P. (2025). Developing a TPACK-based course to promote the pre-service preschool teachers’ instructional design competence. Higher Education Studies, 15(2), 37–52. https://doi.org/10.5539/hes.v15n2p37

Rotar, O. (2025). Beyond technology tools: Supporting student engagement in technology-enhanced learning. Education Sciences, 15(12), Article 1617. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci15121617

Santos, J. M., & Castro, R. D. R. (2021). Technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK) in action: Application of learning in the classroom by pre-service teachers (PST). Social Sciences & Humanities Open, 3(1), Article 100110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssaho.2021.100110

Schiering, D., Sorge, S., Keller, M. M., & Neumann, K. (2023). A proficiency model for pre-service physics teachers’ pedagogical content knowledge (PCK): What constitutes high-level PCK? Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 60(1), 136–163. https://doi.org/10.1002/tea.21793

Second Congressional Commission on Education. (2025). Fixing the foundations: A matter of national survival: EDCOM II year two report. Congress of the Philippines. https://edcom2.gov.ph/media/2025/01/EDCOM-2-Year-2-Report-Fixing-the-Foundations-2025.pdf

Second Congressional Commission on Education. (2026). Turning point: A decade of necessary reforms: The EDCOM 2 final report. https://edcom2.gov.ph/publications/the-edcom-2-final-report/

Soriano-Sánchez, J. G., Quijano López, R., & Airado Rodríguez, D. (2026). The impact of game-based learning on motivation, self-efficacy, and academic achievement in the natural sciences: A meta-analysis. Education Sciences, 16(1), Article 122. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci16010122

Ventista, O. M., & Brown, C. (2023). Teachers’ professional learning and its impact on students’ learning outcomes: Findings from a systematic review. Social Sciences & Humanities Open, 8(1), Article 100565. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssaho.2023.100565

Wang, L., & Lee, J. C. (2024). TPACK and EdTech integration in teaching and learning process: A systematic literature review (2014–2024). Communications on Applied Nonlinear Analysis, 31(7s), 487–505. https://doi.org/10.52783/cana.v31.1381

Research Articles Vol. 1 No. 3 (2026): October Issue

Downloads

Published

2026-10-16

Issue

Section

Research Articles

Similar Articles

11-20 of 77

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.